The Old House

Letter 12

Seneca opens his twelfth letter to Lucilius with a small domestic irritation. He has gone out to his house in the suburbs and found it falling apart — plaster flaking, walls settling, the whole place looking neglected. He complains to the caretaker, who answers, not unreasonably, that he is doing everything he can but the building is simply old. Seneca is stung by this, because he built that house himself. Then he walks out to the entrance and finds the plane trees he planted gone gnarled and bare, and he starts in on the gardener, who explains that the trees are past their prime.

At the door there is a worn-out old man. Seneca asks the caretaker where he found this wreck and why he keeps him around. The old man speaks up: Don't you recognize me? I'm Felicio. You used to bring me little dolls. He is the son of the estate steward, the boy Seneca played with decades earlier. And the whole comedy of the visit collapses into recognition — the crumbling house, the tired trees, the ruined playmate are all one thing, and it is the writer's own age looking back at him from three directions.

What follows is the surprising turn. Rather than mourn, Seneca argues that this season has its own particular goods, ones unavailable earlier:

Old age is full of pleasure, if one knows how to use it. Fruits are sweetest when their season is ending.

He extends the image. The last drops in the wine jar are the strongest. Boyhood's charm is greatest as it departs. The pleasure of drinking arrives at the final swallow, the one that finishes the thirst. And the letter arrives at a discipline worth borrowing: treat each day as a life complete in itself, rounded off, lacking nothing. A person who has done that owes nothing to tomorrow and is not robbed by its absence.

Epictetus sharpens the same instinct into a rule in the Enchiridion: don't demand that events happen as you want them to, but want them as they happen, and life will go smoothly. That sounds like resignation until it is set beside Seneca's flaking plaster. The house is old either way. What differs is whether the person standing in front of it spends the afternoon auditing the damage or notices that the trees he planted are old enough to be gnarled — which is only possible because he planted them, and stayed, and lived long enough to see it.

The caretaker was right and the gardener was right and Felicio was right. Everything on that estate was wearing out on schedule. The only thing left to decide was whether the visit had been a discovery of ruin or a reunion.